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MENOPAUSE HORMONAL CHANGES

Writer's picture: Rachel Jean HermogenesRachel Jean Hermogenes


Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of menstruation and fertility in women. It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, with the average age of onset around 51. During menopause, the ovaries gradually produce fewer reproductive hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone, leading to various hormonal changes in the body. These hormonal changes can result in a range of physical and emotional symptoms.


  1. Decline in estrogen: Estrogen levels decline significantly during menopause, which can lead to various symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and mood swings. Estrogen is also important for maintaining bone density, so decreased estrogen levels can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

  2. Changes in progesterone levels: Progesterone levels also decrease during menopause, although not as dramatically as estrogen. Progesterone plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy. Its decline can contribute to irregular periods and changes in mood.

  3. Fluctuations in other hormones: In addition to estrogen and progesterone, other hormones such as testosterone and cortisol may also fluctuate during menopause. Testosterone levels may decrease, affecting libido and energy levels, while cortisol levels (the stress hormone) may increase, leading to heightened stress and anxiety for some women.

  4. Metabolic changes: Hormonal changes during menopause can affect metabolism, leading to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. Decreased estrogen levels may also impact insulin sensitivity and increase the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

  5. Impact on mood and cognition: Hormonal fluctuations during menopause can affect mood and cognitive function. Some women may experience mood swings, irritability, anxiety, or depression during menopause. Additionally, changes in hormone levels can affect memory, concentration, and cognitive processing speed.

  6. Physical changes: Menopause can also bring about physical changes such as changes in skin elasticity, hair thinning or loss, and changes in breast tissue. Decreased estrogen levels can contribute to these changes in skin and hair.

  7. Effects on sexual health: Declining estrogen levels can lead to vaginal dryness, decreased lubrication, and thinning of the vaginal tissues (vaginal atrophy), which may result in discomfort during sexual intercourse. Changes in hormone levels can also affect libido and sexual desire.

  8. Bone health: Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density, so decreased estrogen levels during menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened and brittle bones.


It's important to note that not all women experience the same symptoms or degree of hormonal changes during menopause. Some women may have relatively mild symptoms, while others may experience more severe or disruptive symptoms. Additionally, lifestyle factors, genetics, and overall health can influence how menopause affects an individual woman. If you're experiencing significant symptoms or have concerns about menopause, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance and management options.


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